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Sapphire
The name “sapphire” can also apply to any corundum that’s not ruby red, another corundum variety.
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Tools
Research
“Ti-Sapphire”: Czochralski-Pulled Synthetic Pink Sapphire from Union Carbide
One of the most interesting of the commercially available Czochralski pulled synthetic corundums is pink “Ti-sapphire.”
The Yogo Sapphire Deposit
Yogo Gulch, discovered more than 100 years ago, is one of four major sapphire-producing areas in Montana, United States.
Ruby and Sapphire from the Southern Ural Mountains, Russia
Primary occurrences of ruby, pink sapphire, sapphires of other colors, and spinel have been found in marbles in the Ural Mountains.
Update on Mining Rubies and Fancy Sapphires in Northern Vietnam
Northern Vietnam began producing significant quantities of rubies and fancy sapphires in the late 1980s.
Heat Treating the Sapphires of Rock Creek, Montana
Renewed interest in large-scale commercial mining of Montana sapphires motivated a detailed study of the heat treatment of sapphire from the Rock Creek deposit.
Update on Diffusion-Treated Corundum: Red and Other Colors
Blue diffusion-treated sapphires have become a subject of considerable controversy since their introduction in significant quantities a few years ago.
Status of Ruby and Sapphire Mining in the Mogok Stone Tract
Burma, now named Myanmar, has for centuries been considered the world's preeminent source of fine rubies.
Rubies and Fancy Sapphires from Vietnam
Gem-quality rubies and pink to purple sapphires are being recovered from the Luc Yen and Quy Chau mining regions of Vietnam.
Spring 1991 G&G Lab Notes
Diagnostic Features and Heat Treatment of Kashmir Sapphires
Today, only by combining different gemological tests with years of practical experience, can a conclusive determination of the origin of a sapphire be made.
The Identification of Blue Diffusion-Treated Sapphires
Blue diffusion-treated sapphires are becoming more prevalent than ever before.
