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Sapphire
The name “sapphire” can also apply to any corundum that’s not ruby red, another corundum variety.
See Gem As
Tools
Research
Gemstone Durability: Design to Display
"Modern" Jewelry: Retro to Abstract
Carbon Dioxide Fluid Inclusions as Proof of Natural-Colored Corundum
An important clue in identifying natural-colored corundum is the presence of carbon dioxide fluid inclusions.
An Examination of Four Important Gems
Several famous and historical gemstones in the Smithsonian's collection are examined and reported on.
The Elahera Gem Field in Central Sri Lanka
The Elahera gem field currently provides approximately 35% of the gemstones exported from Sri Lanka.
A Survey of the Gemstone Resources of China
Sapphires from Australia
An overview of Australia's recent significance in the production of blue sapphire.
Kashmir Sapphire
The history of the Kashmir mines, the beautiful sapphires found there, and the outlook for the future.
The Chanthaburi-Trat Gem Field, Thailand
Thailand has become the world's major source of gem ruby.
Sri Lanka: The Gem Island
An overview of the many types of gem-quality material, and its inclusions, currently found in Sri Lanka.
Heat Treating Corundum: The Bangkok Operation
Heat Treating Ruby and Sapphire: Technical Aspects
A review of heat treatment methods available for use on natural or synthetic corundum.
