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Sapphire
The name “sapphire” can also apply to any corundum that’s not ruby red, another corundum variety.

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Update on Ametrine from the Yuruty Mine, Bolivia
Purplish Pink Spinel from Tajikistan: Before and After Cutting
In November 2008, the Bangkok laboratory was fortunate to have an opportunity to briefly examine seven stones that the client had faceted from this parcel.
Ruby and Sapphire Production and Distribution: A Quarter Century of Change
During the past 25 years, the corundum market has been transformed from one of medium to high-priced gems to one that encompasses nearly all price ranges.
Rubies and Sapphires from Winza, Central Tanzania
Since late 2007, rubies and sapphires have been mined by hand methods from both eluvial and primary deposits at Winza in central Tanzania.
The Effects of Heat Treatment on Zircon Inclusions in Madagascar Sapphires
Zircon inclusions in sapphires from Madagascar were studied to investigate the effects of heat treatment on their gemological and spectroscopic features.
Beryllium Diffusion of Ruby and Sapphire
The heat treatment of corundum involving lattice diffusion of beryllium (Be) at temperatures over 1800°C has become a major issue in the gem trade.
Sapphires from Antsiranana Province, Northern Madagascar
Since 1996, large quantities of yellow to blue sapphires have been recovered from alluvial deposits derived from basaltic rocks in northern Madagascar.
Ruby and Sapphire from Jegdalek, Afghanistan
Spring 2000 Gem News International
The Separation of Natural from Synthetic Colorless Sapphire
Greater amounts of colorless sapphire—promoted primarily as diamond substitutes, but also as natural gemstones—have been seen in the gem market during the past decade.
Summer 1996 Gem News International
Sapphires from the Andranondambo Region, Madagascar
Since 1993, large amounts of gem-quality sapphires from the Andranondambo region of southern Madagascar have entered the international gem market.









