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Ruby
Ruby is the most valuable variety of the corundum mineral species, which also includes sapphire.
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Beryllium Diffusion of Ruby and Sapphire
The heat treatment of corundum involving lattice diffusion of beryllium (Be) at temperatures over 1800°C has become a major issue in the gem trade.
“Diffusion Ruby” Proves to be Synthetic Ruby Overgrowth on Natural Corundum
A relatively new production of red corundum, reportedly from Bangkok, has been offered for sale in recent years.
Ruby and Sapphire from Jegdalek, Afghanistan
Spring 2000 Gem News International
Natural and Synthetic Rubies on the Basis of Trace-Element Chemistry
Natural and synthetic gem rubies can be separated on the basis of their trace-element chemistry.
Trapiche Rubies
Ruby crystals from Southeast Asia with a fixed six-rayed star, similar in effect to trapiche emeralds from Colombia, are described.
Rubies from Mong Hsu
Ruby and Sapphire from the Southern Ural Mountains, Russia
Primary occurrences of ruby, pink sapphire, sapphires of other colors, and spinel have been found in marbles in the Ural Mountains.
Update on Mining Rubies and Fancy Sapphires in Northern Vietnam
Northern Vietnam began producing significant quantities of rubies and fancy sapphires in the late 1980s.
Status of Ruby and Sapphire Mining in the Mogok Stone Tract
Burma, now named Myanmar, has for centuries been considered the world's preeminent source of fine rubies.
Dyed Natural Corundum as a Ruby Imitation
The gemological properties of a new ruby imitation, produced by dyeing natural colorless to pale-colored corundum, are described.
Rubies and Fancy Sapphires from Vietnam
Gem-quality rubies and pink to purple sapphires are being recovered from the Luc Yen and Quy Chau mining regions of Vietnam.
